|
The insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir or the Kashmiri Insurgency is a conflict between various Kashmiri separatists and nationalists〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=ISI sponsors terror activities in Kashmir, FBI tells US court )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title='US exposes ISI subversion of Kashmir issue; FBI arrests US-based lobbyist' )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=ISI funneled millions to influence US policy on Kashmir: FBI )〕〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Two charged in Pakistani spy services’ alleged funneling of money via U.S. group )〕 sometimes known as "ultras" (extremists), and the Government of India. Some of the ultras favor Kashmiri accession to Pakistan, while others seek Kashmir's complete "independence". Since 2002, skirmishes with the local insurgents have constituted the main conflict in the Kashmir region.〔Uppsala Conflict Data Program Conflict Encyclopedia, Conflict Summary, Conflict name: India: Kashmir, Type of incompatibility: Territory, Interstate/intrastate dimension: Intrastate, Conflict status: Ongoing, Date of first stated goals of incompatibility: 29 May 1977, viewed 2013-05-29, http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=74®ionSelect=6-Central_and_Southern_Asia#〕 The conflict in Jammu and Kashmir has strong Islamist elements among the insurgents, with many of the "ultras" identifying with Jihadist movements and supported by such.〔"...the United Jihad Council (UJC), held a public meeting for militants in Muzaffarabad in mid-January 2010. The meeting was chaired by, among others, former ISI chief Lt Gen Hamid Gul. It called for a reinvigorated jihad (holy war) until Kashmir was free of "Indian occupation"." ()〕 The roots of the conflict between the Kashmiri insurgents and the Indian Government are tied to a dispute over local autonomy.〔Uppsala Conflict Data Program Conflict Encyclopedia, Conflict Summary, Conflict name: India: Kashmir, "Roots of Conflict and the emergence of Kashmir Insurgents", viewed 2013-05-29, http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=74®ionSelect=6-Central_and_Southern_Asia#〕 Democratic development was limited in Kashmir until the late 1970s and by 1988 many of the democratic reforms provided by the Indian Government had been reversed and non-violent channels for expressing discontent were limited and caused a dramatic increase in support for insurgents advocating violent secession from India.〔 In 1987, a disputed State election〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Elections in Kashmir )〕 created a catalyst for the insurgency when it resulted in some of the state's legislative assembly members forming armed insurgent groups.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Kashmir: A History Littered With Rigged Elections (by Mushtaq A. Jeelani) – Media Monitors Network )〕 In July 1988 a series of demonstrations, strikes and attacks on the Indian Government began the Kashmir Insurgency which during the 1990s escalated into the most important internal security issue in India. Thousands of people have died〔Uppsala Conflict Data Program Conflict Encyclopedia, Conflict Summary, India: Kashmir (entire conflict), Fatality estimates, viewed 2013-05-29, http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=74®ionSelect=6-Central_and_Southern_Asia#〕 during fighting between insurgents and the government as well as thousands of civilians who have died as a result of being targeted by the various armed groups.〔Uppsala Conflict Data Program Conflict Encyclopedia, India One-sided violence, Government of India – civilians, Kashmir insurgents – civilians, Lashkar-e-Taiba – civilians, viewed on 2012-05-29, http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=74®ionSelect=6-Central_and_Southern_Asia#〕 The Inter-Services Intelligence of Pakistan has been accused by India of supporting and training mujahideen.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=BBC NEWS – South Asia – Pakistan's shadowy secret service )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Nato's top brass accuse Pakistan over Taliban aid )〕 to fight in Jammu and Kashmir.〔〔(At Border, Signs of Pakistani Role in Taliban Surge – New York Times )〕〔(A NATION CHALLENGED: THE SUSPECTS; Death of Reporter Puts Focus On Pakistan Intelligence Unit – New York Times )〕 In October 2015, former President of Pakistan Pervez Musharraf admitted Pakistan had supported and trained insurgent groups to fight in Kashmir during the 1990s, resulting in the ongoing insurgency.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Pakistan supported, trained terror groups: Musharraf )〕 According to official figures released in Jammu and Kashmir assembly, there were 3,400 disappearance cases and the conflict has left more than 47,000 people dead which also includes 7000 police personnel as of July 2009.〔 However, the number of insurgency-related deaths in the state have fallen sharply since the start of a slow-moving peace process between India and Pakistan.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Indian officials say 3,400 missing in held Kashmir )〕 == History of the insurgency == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|